04 ноября 2017г.
In the second half of the 19th century, Russia became the largest railway power. Along with the increase of length of railways, there was an active increase of train speed. In the early of XX century on the line Saint Petersburg – Moscow express trains reached the speed of 110 miles per hour, and in 1960, the Soviet fast train "Aurora" developed the speed of 160 km/h.
1 July 2006 – the Board of Directors of JSC "RZD" approved the establishment of the subsidiary "Speed lines", which became the parent company for the construction of the HSR.
March 16, 2010 – Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed Document № 321 "On measures on organization of high-speed railway transport in the Russian Federation" in which the government required before the end of 2010 to adopt a set of priorities, including regulatory, technical, financial, personnel, organizational and other aspects.
The development of speed and high-speed traffic is a strategic priority for the company. December 17, 2009, the opening of high-speed rail and launching of electric trains "Sapsan" on the route Moscow – Saint- Petersburg, July 30, 2010 on the route Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod. 12 December high-speed rail service was opened on the route St. Petersburg- Helsinki and the high-speed trains "Allegro" was launched.
Under high-speed way is realized a new dedicated railway line designed for trains with speeds of 200 to 400 km/h. The high-speed traffic transport is passenger’s transportation at speeds from 140 to 200 km/h on upgraded existing lines.
Since December 2009 high-speed traffic has been set up on the upgraded infrastructure links such regions, as Moscow, Tver, Novgorod, Leningrad, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod region. High-speed trains "Сапсан" travel on the Moscow – Saint Petersburg high-speed trains «Аллегро» between St. Petersburg and Helsinki high-speed trains "Стриж" between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod, and high-speed trains "Ласточка" between St. Petersburg and Veliky Novgorod, Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod, Sochi region, etc.. Every year high-speed trains of JSC "Russian Railways" transported over 3.2 million passengers.
The development of high-speed communication is defined by the "Programme of development of high- speed traffic on the railway network of JSC "Russian Railways" on prospect till 2020" and the "Strategy of railway transport development in Russian Federation till 2030".
Key high-speed rail projects will be the lines:
• Moscow – Kazan – Ekaterinburg, 532 length of 1 km;
• Moscow – Saint-Petersburg, the length of 659 km.
• Moscow – Rostov-on-don – Adler, 540 length of 1 km.
The growing congestion of road infrastructure and the objective growth of transport activity requires the adoption of systemic and long-term solutions that will improve the efficiency of the railway system as a whole. One of the tools to improve the efficiency of rail transport is the development of high-speed and high-speed interregional connection that are designed to bring together the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The development of high-speed movement will be a push for the export of progressive foreign technologies and the reason of mass creation of new job places.
The socio-economic effects from the creation of HSR:
• the cooperation of agglomerations and regional centers into a single agglomerate;
• the rendering of modern services to the population– high-speed rail passenger transport;
• the development of regions and improvement of live conditions; remote regions automatically become close suburbs of large agglomerations of Russia;
• the increasing of the socio-economic potential of country as developed transport is the basis of prosperity of a number of other industries, as well as a fundamental condition for improving the investment climate in the country;
• raising of the qualifications of Russian specialists, the increasing of the employment level of the population;
• the formation and development of the unified system of intermodal systems "airports – HSR – urban transport";
• the increasing prestige of the country, as the modern world in the near future there will be no economically developed country without a system of HSR.
A pilot project of high-speed railway (HSR) in Russia is the construction of HSR Moscow – Kazan, with an extension to Yekaterinburg.
The route length will be 770 km, the maximum speed – up to 400 km/h.
The construction of HSR Moscow – Kazan will bring together the territory of seven subjects of the Russian Federation: Moscow, Moscow region, Vladimir region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Chuvash Republic, Mari El and Tatarstan.
Travel time between Moscow and Kazan will make 3.5 hours, Moscow and Nizhniy Novgorod is 2 hours, Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan – 1.5 hours.
The project will ensure the mobility of the population; will create the impetus for the development of innovative technologies in industries of the Russian Federation, the enterprises that will be involved in the creation and delivery of HSR infrastructure.
References
1) Скоростной и высокоскоростной железнодорожный транспорт. Сооружения и устройства. Подвижной состав. Организация перевозок. Т.2. СПб: Издательство «Информационный центр «Выбор», 2003.448 с.
2) Скоростной и высокоскоростной железнодорожный транспорт. В прошлом, настоящем и будущем. Т.1. СПб: Издательство «Информационный центр «Выбор», 2001.265 с.
