14 декабря 2019г.
Today, Russian Railways play a leading role in transport logistics and tariff stimulation of economic growth in the Russian Federation and make a significant contribution to the formation of Federal and regional budgets.
Railway transport connects numerous regions and districts of the country into a single entity, ensures the vital activity of all sectors of the economy, the implementation of social programs, economic and national security of the state, actively influences the development of interregional and international relations. Railway transport of Russia is a complex diversified industry, consisting of 17 Railways with their branches, stations, locomotive and wagon depots, track distances, power supply, signaling and communication, and other divisions; enterprises engaged in the repair and modernization of rolling stock and containers, producing spare parts, equipment and materials, providing means of communication, as well as the collection and processing of technological information, leading scientific developments in the field of technology, technology and development of railway transport, organizations and institutions for training, social services
Rail transport accounts for more than 80% and about 40% of the total volume of freight and passenger traffic, respectively, carried out by public transport. The Railways are served by 1.2 million employees, the main lines make up 87 thousand km (out of 158 thousand km) - 19 regional Railways, which belong to the Federal property. Railways transport about 1 billion tons of cargo and 120 thousand containers annually, which is 43.2% of the country's cargo turnover.
From a financial point of view, rail transport is generally profitable, although passenger transport (especially suburban) is unprofitable. Losses from passenger traffic are covered by revenues from freight operations. The main consumers of railway services are producers of bulk cargoes (coal, building materials, ferrous and non- ferrous metals, etc.). Their demand for rail services has low elasticity, and the average distance of these goods is so great that shippers actually have no other alternative.
Despite the fact that Railways are the most economical mode of transport (as opposed to air and road transport), second only to pipeline and sea transport in terms of cost of transportation, the development of Railways has clearly lagged behind the needs of the national economy. The reasons for this are several serious problems that exist in Russian rail transport today.
The strategy of development of railway transport is concentrated in five main directions:
1) information management systems and new technologies,
2) new technical means,
3) improvement of financial, economic and marketing work,
4) traffic safety,
5) social protection.
The main innovation policy in the field of passenger transportation is the development and production of new generation passenger rolling stock at Russian enterprises, the creation and introduction of new products for the passenger service. The basis of these changes is the creation of samples of cars of a new generation, designed to guarantee high traffic safety, increase comfort.
The most important areas of innovation include the improvement of a comprehensive system of maintenance and repair of passenger cars of the new generation on the technical condition on the basis of the introduction of hardware and software systems for non-disassembly diagnostics and determination of the residual life of the main components and parts.
The transition to the new system "Express-3", which will have a much wider functionality compared to the ACS "Express-2", will provide information support for the organization and increase the efficiency of passenger transportation.
Список литературы
1. https://studopedia.ru/5_141673_sovremennoe-sostoyanie-zheleznodorozhnogo-transporta-v-rossii-i- predposilki-dlya-ego-reformirovaniya.html
2. http://russiantourism.ru/experts-rt/experts-rt_21468.html
3. https://studwood.ru/2039924/tehnika/sovremennoe_sostoyanie_zheleznodorozhnogo_transporta_rossii
4. Общий курс железных дорог: Учебное пособие для студ. Учреждений сред. проф. образования / Ю.И. Ефименко, М.М. Уздин, В.И. Ковалев и др.; Под ред. Ю.И. Ефименко. М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2005
