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THE CITY AS THE DYNAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM: INFORMATION MODELLING FOR THE SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT

Авторы:
Город:
Санкт-Петербург
ВУЗ:
Дата:
14 мая 2016г.

Introduction

In our everyday life we face with many different systems: some institutions, social groups, urban structures. The city seems to be a large urban structure with many people living there. In other words it is the complex system with a huge number of elements such as people who plays the crucial role in urban development. Is it possible to understand all the connections between the elements and to manage the city? And here another question occurs: what is the role of information modelling in such type of social adjustment if this regulation might be applied to such a sophisticated system as the city? To answer this question we need to consider the following points:

1.     composition of the city as the system;

2.     different ways of informational modelling;

3.     analysis and adjustment of the system components by uses of information modelling.

1.     Composition of the city as the system

The city represents an urban area with very high population density and some human-created environment: buildings, constructions, plants, roads and highways.

Economically speaking, the city is the mixture of factors of production: labour, earth, capital and entrepreneurial skills. Sociologically speaking, the city is the mixture of individuals, groups, institutes – social aggregates. It is possible to explain the city by the point of view of politics and law, from the side of culture and religion. We can talk about the organizations which are located on its territory the structure and corporate rules and traditions of these organizations  Pokrovskaya). And sure, it is also possible to describe the geographic points.

Van Baxtel says that the city is not only geographical concept, it breathes the urban atmosphere created by all possible types of human activities: trade, art, culture, its history and its future.

Every aggregate related to the city is the element in its system, and every element has enormous number of connections with other elements. And that is why the city is not an ease topic for research.

2.     Different ways of informational modelling

The information about the city may be presented variously: visually (in images, schemes, graphs), statistically or mathematically. To imagine the buildings we need to create 3d models, to imagine transport routes locations and their work we also need to make a visual plan. To understand the relationships some mind maps might be made or, what is more common in analysis, mathematical equations.

Mathematical equations show exactly the impact of one factor on another; they describe the links in systems.

By applying mathematics it is possible to make the special programs which would count the outcomes of calculations and do it faster than a researcher.

3.     Analysis and adjustment of the system components by uses of information modelling

The application of computer modelling can help to analyze the current situation accurately, find the system imperfections and solve the problems revealed.

The modelling is an efficient tool to work with complex systems where such a huge number of variables with a non-linear behaviour are. It is not so easy for a human to predict all the real outcomes of the decision, so the computer modelling can facilitate this process turning it into a one-click work.

Concerning the city it is necessary to build urban areas virtually by describing them on the language of mathematics. Statistic information about the number of workers, the number of unemployed, the rate of migration, the wage level etc. might be useful system elements. It is significant to collect the data related to the attractiveness of the urban area.

Attractiveness of the city is the general concept that can explain, for example, the reasons of migration flow or its economic prosperity. It was first explained in the works of J.W. Forrester. Transport structure, easiness of getting from one place to another, the number of vacant positions in companies, the standard of living – all that can impact the attractiveness, so all the possible indexes have the power anyway.

Thus, informational modelling recreates the real life conditions mathematically speaking and via computer programs the city adjustment becomes more effective and by improving the attractiveness increases the capital, and then – the wealth of not only one distinct city but of the country in general.

Conclusion

To sum up all the ideas it is significant to say that the city is more complex than we can imagine in our minds. However, understanding the connections is possible as more we collect the related data, reveal the elements with more impact, present it as mathematical equations and input in the computer program. By creating the computer model of the city we can control the processes and manage them.