STRUCTURE OF MORTALITY IN PARTICIPANTS WITH EXCESS BODY WEIGHT, DEPENDING ON A GENDER

Abstract: This article presents the results of cohort study analysis of the mortality structure of Turkestan region’s population with excess body weight, depending on gender. To achieve the aim we studied the structure of the dead people divided by causes of death depending on body mass index and gender.

Key words: mortality, death rate, gender, overweight.

Language: English

Background. In many countries, the cardiovascular diseases remain as the main reason of death rate. Obesity and excess body weight are the risk factors of  cardiovascular diseases [1]. Annually, no less than 2.8 million people die because of the overweight or obese in the world [2]. In a 2008, 34% of the adults, older than 20 years had an overweight, in men 33.6%, and 35% of women had them. According to the data for that year, 9.8% of men and 13.8% of women had obesity, and their body mass index was equal to or greater than 30 kg / m2. According to the data from prospective epidemiological studies from whole world, there is a link between overweight or obesity, on the one hand, and cardiovascular morbidity, mortality from CVD and total mortality. Obesity is closely associated with the main of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes type mellitus II and dyslipidemia [3]. Canadian researchers conducted a cohort study about the impact of overweight to all causes of death. The respondents were older than 40 years. The study included 49,476 women (average rate of age was 63.5 years, mean of body mass index 27.0 kg / m2, the average fat deposits rate- 32.1%) and 4944 men (average age rate was 65.5 years, average rate of body mass index of 27.4 kg / m2, average body fat, 29.5%). Death occurred in 4965 women earlier to 6.7 years and 984 men to a 4.5 years, respectively. They concluded that a low body mass index and a high percentage of body fat deposits independently associated with increased rate of mortality [4]. Many scientists studied the links between the excess body weight and obesity with mortality indicators. In one of the Italian research there was studied the link of the body mass index with mortality indicators’ dynamics during a 7 year period. It was revealed that by body mass index < 18.5 kg/m(2) is associated with 7-year dynamics mortality in 70 years aged people, excluding such parameters as age and gender [5]. In another study where the six cohort groups have been compared with each other, it has been revealed that there was not defined the link of the general mortality indicators with the increased body mass index in men [6]. While in Framingham Heart Study between mortality indicators and excess body weight the connection was established. Considering the mortality by a gender differences, according to the World Bank among men of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the probability of untimely death is higher than in women, and this tendency is due to the increasing number  of cases of chronic diseases resulting from alcohol consumption, smoking and unhealthy diet. While indicators of women’s mortality declined for the period of four decades, in men in some age groups there was an increase in mortality, but in others progress has been negligible or absent altogether.

Aim. To study mortality structure indicators depending on gender, the excess body in Turkestan region (South Kazakhstan) residents for a 12-year period.

Materials and methods. Analyze of mortality indicators was conducted on the basis of population-basis study, directed by Shalkharova Zh.S. (2003) [7]. 12 years later from surveyed in 2003 1800 volunteers, we received the response from 1143. It emerged, that 166 were dead from all 1143 respondents, that amounts 14,5%. Patients’ medical reports of 2003 have been analysed, from which have been taken body mass index. The criteria χ2 was applied.

Table 1.

Results. From 166 dead there were data on body mass index in 163. Mortality structure data is given in

Table 1. Structure of the dead people divided by causes of death depending on body mass index and a gender.

On the 1st place among all causes of mortality there were coronary heart diseases – 48,5%, from which 30% relates to stroke (hypertension) and other 18,4% to heart attack (ischemic heart diseases). Excess body weight had 54,4% among dead participants caused by heart attack, 61,2%. by stroke, consequently. On 2nd place there were oncological diseases with16,6 %, followed by death caused by old age – 14,7%. Considerable differences were cited between dead men and women by excess body weight. The results were statistically significant.

Conclusion. For a 12-year period the mortality rate is 14,5%. The leading cause in the mortality structure were coronary heart diseases. On the 2nd place - oncological diseases. 3rd place took death caused by old age. Among the dead with excess body weight overpowered caused by coronary heart diseases. In contrast to men, women had higher rates of excess body weight.

References

1.       World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fact sheet, May 2017

2.       World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases, Geneva, WHO, 2010.

3.       Finucane MM, et al. (2011) National, regional, and global trends in bodymass index since 1980: Systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants. Lancet, 2011, 337(9765):557–567.

4.       Padwal R, Leslie WD, Lix LM, Majumdar SR. Relationship Among Body Fat Percentage, Body Mass Index, and All-Cause Mortality: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Apr 19;164(8):532-41. doi: 10.7326/M15-1181. Epub 2016 Mar 8.

5.       He J, Yu Q, Zhang H, Mahnken JD. The dynamic association of body mass index and all-cause mortality in multiple cohorts and its impacts. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology. 2014 Oct 24; 11: 17

6.       He J. Modeling the dynamic association of BMI and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Epidemiol. 2011 Jul;21(7):517-25. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.04.001.

7.       Shalkharova Zh.S. // Metabolicheskii sindrom: epidemiologiya,  diagnostika, klinika i lechenie. Аlmaty, 2006.