Новости
09.05.2023
с Днём Победы!
07.03.2023
Поздравляем с Международным женским днем!
23.02.2023
Поздравляем с Днем защитника Отечества!
Оплата онлайн
При оплате онлайн будет
удержана комиссия 3,5-5,5%








Способ оплаты:

С банковской карты (3,5%)
Сбербанк онлайн (3,5%)
Со счета в Яндекс.Деньгах (5,5%)
Наличными через терминал (3,5%)

THE ECONOMIC BASICS OF GEORGIAN‘S LIFE (ACCORDING THE NEW ETHNOGRAPHIC MATERIALS OF LASHKHETI COMMUNITY)

Авторы:
Город:
Москва
ВУЗ:
Дата:
20 марта 2016г.
One of the reasons of distinctive features of life of Georgian historical and ethnographic unit, local inhabitants of Svaneti, with the traditions was the economic readiness10.
The tradition is certainty, in which being a life. The study confirmed that the joint work, "In Machubian home" joint life, taking care of hearth was a guarantor of economic power and finally, the basis for the correct directing the life. "Basically there was Livestock farming, agriculture and fruit. The farm needed a lot to do. Therefore there were big indivisible families. The farm also brought a lot of income. ―To have the proper physical and economic readiness Svani on the first floor of machubi (the "chub‖ means lower) had the cattle.‖The cattle were more or less the basis for staying rich for Svan people. The first floor of the tower was the storeroom, there had been buried the pitchers and kept drink and other products as in the wine cellar. Svanetians setting was proper of their possibilities and housing. Living there was not feared nor hunger nor his insecurity. ―The holy hearth, the living of Svanetian‘s, along with the heat-light had a function of a bakery.‖ The hearth was elevated place in the middle. Once a merchant passed near the house of poor Svani, who gave his wife the beans and asked to pay later. The husband told her to give everything except the hearth stone. They have nothing to give a second time Merchant had come and gave the hearth stone. The merchant has left to eat again. Returning home husband told her that she had perished him. It would be better to die of hunger than to give the hearth stone." Performing of any ritual, keeping traditions Svanetians consider as an important factor of strengthening of moral and economic life. They were sure that "If ask God, saying thanks the Creator, they would have secured plentiful life in the future.‖ Reflecting of ―plentiful life,‖ the economic standing of Svanetians was Svanetian‘s cuisine full of rich and varied dishes as well. Today, when the local families are don‘t feel so strong, created and saved many years ago tradition of guest's respect in many families are still maintained. ―Plentiful life‖ of the family, the strength maintaining, more or less orderly life a lot depends on proper holding of the family domestic affairs. And the mentioned as everywhere in Georgia! In Svanetian‘s family lies on the woman, who together with agreement the "makhvsh‖ of family settles family works. "Like the rest Georgia in Svanetians‘ family woman's right was recognized. She was ensuring the proper spending the income was the creator of the income too. For example, women were doing hats; they were tilling, sowing, and caring family. To maintain the wealth a housewife needs her head and heart. Obligations of celebrating and performing religious rules need to cope. The joke was not to perform all the rules exactly.‖ While dividing of Great family for married or single woman "The customs of amount of dowry-share was determined by the possibility of the family. A married woman as a dowry should be given a couple of bed, necessary dishes and land. Before, as a dowry the women were given bulls, cows, hive, and pig. The rest such as giving gold was depending on how strong the family was. Dowry was somewhat prestige, proof of the fact that the woman is coming from the family. It was avoiding risk laughing at indigent married woman. Unmarried woman in the issue of property-rights was unrestricted. " In research of economic fundamentals of Svanetian‘s traditions a very important role has in the study of facts, as it is giving a certain amount of money in favor of relative due to the birthday, new residents, anniversary, death and other problems. "The wedding was less money to bring. Were giving wine, cattle, such as veal a roast pig and so on. Were bringing the community members. As for bringing the money, it was not until recently. I was collected. There was no the writer officially before. However, someone would tell the family what did they bring to their family and this one would keep in mind." For studying the economic fundamentals of Svanetians‘ lifestyle are important ―naachvli‖‘s (―nachvlash‖ -as the old rule the son-in-law should give the field, or chosen bull and a cow to his wife's parents-in-law (A. Liparteliani, 1994, p. 240) Economic life assurance, giving the natural capital, the main means of production to the market of Svanetans, geographically hardly connected with the rest Georgia was the land. They were chasing the cattle breeding. The man, a head of the family was managed tillage and mowing activities. Have been sown bread (a narrator Temur Lobjanidze said that a man living in the neighborhood till the end of his life until the beginning of 2000, was sowing the bread, which "was strong enough for all the men and cattle"). Meat and dairy products in addition to food, had the function of "and the sale for family wealth"
In terms of improving of poor economic lives should be considered outdoor activities. Svans gone for work in different parts Georgia were mainly preoccupied of earth moving activities. Protecting the rule for Svanetian meant protecting the religion. Any ritual was held for vitality of the family, to ensure its everyday life. Therefore, the feature-specified religious holidays are the important part of the lives of Svan: "Murkvamoba / koshkoba‖ celebrate in Upper Svaneti in February... It was celebrating in lower Svaneti too, in Lashkheti community. There was holiday fertility. They were building a tower with a cross. The cross was raised after Christianity. In falling down were participating people from lower Lashkheti and Zhakhunderlens. Which team was won there‘s more harvest. Sometimes it was justified and faith was strengthening; ―Lamproba‖ (―Lamproba‖ is aprocess lighted by dry crust Holiday. A. Liparteliani, 1994, p. 1740) are praying only for men. Two weeks before the cut petty trees in the same quantity of the men in their family. They were cutting till it was come apart like aflower. On the day ―Lamproba‖ (lightening torches) they were rising early in the morning, before the 5 o‘ clock and prayed on lit lamps for men's strength, health, longevity. One of the first torches is made in the name of St. Marys the patron deity of fertility. The second in St. George to defend manly force and the third t to please the sky forces! To finish the year peacefully and richly. On ―Lamproba‖ holiday were baked cakes called –―lemzirs‖. Ensuring rituals for ―wellbeing life‖ include Svanetian, magic defensive form and content (For example for protecting sown, for good harvest, "A man could live‖- the line ours) on Easter Thursday the ritual of "tanpatsaash." It is the ritual for the family protection from the evil eye. "On the Easter Thursday morning the woman or man will bring a white stone and one bucket of water from the river. With it they will held the cleansing ritual which will led to preserving the wealth of the family. It aims congratulations for family members, barn, and cattle. They boil the water and put the stone into. They are praying to have so much kindness in his family as the drops of boiled water are. This day will wash up the evil eyes and bad will renew with all good. The stone lays in front of the house all the year round, a place that watches the gate and defends from the evil eye11.― Appearing of rights and obligations becomes accordingly with necessity. The confirmation of the mentioned is the rule existing in Lashkheti‘s communities and throughout the region of Svaneti, helping to needy members of the community with money collected on overall community celebrations. "The money donated during prayer was spent on the necessity the village. They could borrow to the near relation of the dead for the funeral. Then the family would give back after collecting ―natsuar‖ helping money. The wedding was not given the money, the funeral is necessary and the wedding a voluntary one." Another issue that can be considered as a way of providing economic life is the method of work cooperation existing in Svaneti region, so called ―nadi‖ (plural helpers). Due to the conditions of ―weather Severity it was necessary to care for the survival of the crop. Take the harvest in proper time. Therefore, the family was helped without pay hoping for help in return. (They also say that the Svan "Lindi" was used as a superior ability of one family when they were building stone houses and towers). The local population of Svaneti was employed in gold mining. They worked on gold from a mixture of sand brought by the rivers. Gold mining has been the basis for giving the gold as a necessary gift during the marriage, general rule about amount of giving the gold was different: the man became well known when had brought more gold than anyone else. Pishkhori is coming out of the mountain, which is called the black mountain. The Russians were arriving, the family gave something for sell, Sulguni, meat, and other things, the Russians had bought them, we even find ourselves living. The Russians were working on the search for gold. It turns out that the gold was on a certain depth of water. They could find it by the help of the colored soil. Earlier it was more primitive by the local sheep skin. " The economic Basics intersect social and political arrangement of Svaneti. It turns out that the ―vargi‖ (good) (Grand nobility, a. Liparteliani, 1994, p 102) being this was one of the guarantees of the economic situation:‖ In Lashkheti ―vargs‖(good) were Gardapkhadze who were better. Economic means and variety of the surname determines if the man is good for everything. There was an economically powerful Kifpani Lashkhi the good / noble. " Our analysis allows us to conclude the following materials:
1. For Svan people to manage their own lives, it always was important to plan. They knew that together with the faith was required the entrepreneurial and civic activity of each member of the society. Taking care for the survival of Georgian traditional communities by the rural development was the main direction of the "Life policy‖. It is fully in compliance with the natural and geographical conditions of the historical community Svaneti
2. The maintaining of traditional territorial and neighborhood communities, for different types of co-operative forms, for example, in the case of the importance of giving priority to the CBO, even today, we ‗ll get a social activity, that provide economic development accordance with the country's economic advancement.


 11 About similar rituals is known throughout Georgia. The holidays were held twice a year, in spring for pleasing "The weather forces, in autumn thanksgiving to the same heavenly powers "After all this the living conditions were more or less orderly." A similar celebration was and still is widespread mountainous Adjara. ―The celebration of Shuamtoba‖ Great Adjarians says that "Shuamtoba is the holiday of the middle period, when we are in iails. We thank God for this day, for fertile life, we are encouraged by the nature and richly have meat and some other products. Will pray for the remainder of the period will also be plenty. We believe that it would be so. "

 Used Literature and Sources
1. Liparteliani, Svan-Georgian Dictionary, 1994
2. Field Material