15 апреля 2017г.
Imagine and analyze your average working day. What route do you do to reach the workplace? How many types of transport do you use? How many automation systems do you pass through even not noticing that you use the benefits of their implementation?
Do not delay, look at the statistics today. According to the source "Brand media" the total average daily number of passengers of the Moscow underground in 2017 is 8,972,526. Assume that 4/5 of this number, i.e. slightly more than 7 million people are in need of a bilateral path, which leads to the total amount of use by the system of turnstiles in the amount of 28,712,083 times per day. Using the same approximate method of calculation, let's say to put the card and go through the turnstile, the passenger takes 3.5 seconds. While checking the ticket manually from the controller will take about 5 seconds. The difference in 1.5 seconds seems insignificant until by the mathematical tricks will not turns into 5,981 hours a day (in the case that all of the subway will employ only two working controllers). Increasing the staff, of course, it is possible to reduce hours that are wasted on checking fees. However, the system of turnstiles is to cope with the task of saving time in better times, isn't it?
First trial turnstiles in Moscow subway appeared in 1952 at the station-pioneer "Krasnie vorota". For a long time the design was perfected to withstand the constantly growing passenger traffic. Now in the Moscow subway is observed alternation of tradition and trends of the new generation. Many stations are already equipped with advanced models of turnstiles, the main difference from the old ones which is the initial state of the valves (the type is initially closed and are opened when authorized passage). Accordingly, the question arises – why all the turnstiles will not replace new models? Deplorably logical answer for all who fear to be "bitten" by the old-fashioned turnstiles – save electricity and compound mechanisms.
Nowadays in Moscow there are about 1.2 million people with disabilities. One of the key ways of social support and integration of persons with disabilities is the creation of barrier-free urban environment. Therefore, according to the source www.m24.ru preparing the project for the introduction of turnstiles with inscriptions in Braille for the visually impaired and blind to the turnstile system for access to various modes of transport, be it train or subway stations.
Speaking of stations. Currently in Moscow there are nine railway terminals: Belarusskiy, Kazanskiy, Kievskiy, Kurskiy, Leningradskiy, Savelovskiy, Paveletskiy, Rigskiy and Yaroslavlskiy. Almost all of them – the final stations of different railway destinations. Belarusskiy, Kurskiy and Savyolovskiy are not insoluble and are associated with other railway lines.
The population of Moscow region is 6.6 million people, most of whom study or work in Moscow, fast and convenient way to get to which is available through local trains departing from all stations, and trains – from all except the Savyolovskiy. With Kievskiy, Paveletskiy and Belorusskiy stations depart Aeroexpress trains to the airports Vnukovo, Domodedovo and Sheremetyevo respectively. For such journeys, the passenger only needs to purchase a ticket at the box office, or by using special machines, which are located on stations and intermediate stations route trains.
One of the achievements in this area in Russia is the automated ticketing system "Express-3". It is a modern software-hardware complex built on the basis of high-performance computers, with well-developed network of sale of tickets. It provides a wide range of functions that simplify working with the transportation of passengers, namely:
• Sale of travel documents in national and international reports.
• Information services to passengers.
• Transportation of baggage, cargo and mail.
• Management of the fleet of passenger cars, including their maintenance and repair, etc.
If we ignore the complicated terminology and describe the essence of huge work of this ACS "on your fingers", we get the following: "Express-3" manages the progress of the sale of tickets of Russian Railways and the complete status information of the transport processes. Also, when you subscribe to the service "Express on the Internet" subscriber, i.e. the Internet user gets online access to ACS "Express-3", which gives him the opportunity to send requests for reference information. The system "Express on the Internet" is connected to the Moscow railway, so that information about availability is issued is the same as at the ticket offices of the Moscow railway.
But at this the list of auxiliary systems that simplify life and organization of complex structures is not limited. Go deeper into the work of the railway. Did you notice the markings freight companies that sprinkled the sides of freight trains? One of the results of the state program of reforming railway transport was the creation of the private fleet of freight cars. RZD owned wagons were bought by private companies, which carry out all manipulations with cargo independently, paying only the mileage from point of loading to point of discharge. To monitor the status and movement of wagons on the roads and the network as a whole allows ACS "DISPARK", which is an information-control complex, built using modern Web technologies. "DISPARK" allows prompt employees on a network, road and linear levels of JSC "RZD" from any terminal included in the data transmission network of JSC "RZD", economically sound recommendation on the use of wagons for loading. This takes into account the kind of cargo, weight and direction of its transportation.
To use a proven method and summarize in simple words: the ACS continuously monitors the locations of the cars, analyzes the use and management of the Park throughout the whole railway network of Russia.
Assume that the daily diet of our activities does not include the use of cargo. What else we are faced with surprising frequency?
The problem of the routing of buses and trams. When did the last leave the stop and how long is it till the next one? Especially urgent there is a question of saving time and optimizing the order of the day for constantly hurrying and urban. This problem partly is solve by the information board on the capital's bus stops that indicate the arrival time land transport.
How does it work? In developing the project, were organized the GSM communication channels to get the forecast, and bus stop display were connected to the power supply. Was created a special software in charge of displaying the forecast arrival of the transport. It is not known what the development of this system had become by 2017-th year. However, in 2014, Moscow mayor Sergei Sobyanin and general director of "Yandex" Arkady Volozh approved the list of joint activities, in which the Moscow government provided "Yandex" information about scheduled road works and closures, and also a public transport routes. Already in 2015 year for users got the app "Yandex transport" there was a display of buses, trolleybuses, trams and minibuses "Autoline" in real-time in Moscow and the region, as well as the number of minutes before the arrival of any means of transport.
That’s how "Yandex transport" works: the application receives data from municipal and private companies with the devices of GLONASS/GPS systems for transport installed, and then calculates the estimated time of arrival shows on the map their movement, as well as a list of all stops along the route. It is possible that the result of joint work of "Yandex" and the Moscow city government was the implementation of the work stopping the online scoreboard.
This system is incredibly useful and relevant. Thanks to this innovation, it became possible to comfortably correct your personal itinerary, to search for possible workarounds in case of complicated situations of traffic on the roads, etc.
In conclusion, you need to pay attention to the fact that stepping into the future people try to automate virtually all aspects of their life. It provides a comfortable existence in a social environment where quality of service depends on the waiting time for the service and the number of users with whom the person shares their consumption. Discussed in this report, automation of transport systems has revealed the scale of the work only in one area, but this is enough to appreciate the benefits of implementing various ACS.
References
1. Moscow subway statistic. URL: http:// www.brandmedia.ru (last access date: 26.02.2017)
2. URL: http://www.m24.ru (last access date: 28.02.2017)
3. URL: http://www.express-3.ru (last access date: 01.03.2017)
4. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Яндекс.Транспорт (last access date: 03.03.2017)
5. URL: http://scbist.com/wiki/7777-dispark.html (last access date: 03.03.2017)
